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Warren James (1792–1841) was a miners' leader in the Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire, England, who led the Foresters to action against the Crown, in 1831. ==Early life== James' father, also Warren James (1751–1809), married Ann Kear (1755–1836) in 1777. At first they lived in a rented cottage in Bream, but in 1782 they moved to an encroachment cottage, which they had built on land between Parkend and Whitecroft.〔Anstis, Ralph. ''Warren James and the Dean Forest Riots.'' p24/25〕 A map dated 1787〔Anstis, Ralph. ''The Story of Parkend'' (1998). p18〕 shows the family house as being on the southern edge of Parkend, and describes it as a 'Turf' cottage, built on encroached land, and valued by the Crown at 15 shillings per year. Warren James (the younger) was born in July 1792, and was baptised at Bream Chapel on 29 July 1792. He was the fourth son, and sixth born, of nine children. The younger James appears to have had no formal education, although later documents show that he could read and write as an adult. Along with his six brothers, he followed his father to became a miner at an early age.〔(Oxford Dictionary of National Biography )〕 Little is known of his family life, though the family were undoubtedly impoverished. Encroachment cottages were single storey, built of loose stones and covered with turf. They had no windows, only a low door, a crude fireplace with chimney, and a floor paved with stones.〔Anstis, Ralph. ''Warren James and the Dean Forest Riots.'' p20〕 Life must have been very hard for a large family living in such conditions; and all the time, hanging over them, was the threat that the Crown could destroy their home and remove them from the land. This was to happen in 1813, when the house was demolished and the land it was on replanted with trees. Now aged 20 or 21, James moved with his mother to Bream. He never married. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Warren James」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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